Professor K.S. Chalam, an economist and eductionist who has done a number of studies on the state of the education in the country, says the investments made on education from Independence until 1990 by the state and central governments as well as grants from other countries, went to jus 15 per cent of the population, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, turning some of them into Nobel laureates and others into scholars and policymakers